景观摄影可能是如此创造性long exposures。他们将额外的哇系列添加到风景图像中。
Here are 12 tips to help you take better long exposure photography.
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1.寻找阴天天气，为您的照片添加更多兴趣
当我侦察一个new location, or I search the internet, I always have long exposure photography in mind.
You can do long exposure landscape photography almost anywhere on the globe. You need to know where and when to find an element that moves at an adequate speed.
The two main subjects are water (includingwaterfalls,seas, streams) andclouds in the sky。
但there may also be other possibilities. For example, a car’s lights moving on a winding mountain or hill road. Or the movement of天空中的星星。
One of the less considered aspects of this kind of photography is theweather。
Asunset或者sunrisewith a cloudless sky can be beautiful to see live. A unique experience. But it can turn into a boring image because there’s no movement in the sky.
Even worse is leaving home with a beautiful sky overhead and then arriving at the shooting location only to find bad weather.
So get familiar with weather websites! Check outThe Weather Channel或者AccuWeather。These will show you the movement of clouds and precipitation levels.
Then you can have a better idea of what you will find once in the field.
2. Track the Sun’s Position To Avoid Overexposed Areas
The position of the sun and the path it will follow are also important when planning long exposures. It is a good rule to exclude the sun from the composition as much as possible.
The first reason is that with long exposures, the sun will no longer be circular. But you will start to see its movement during the exposure.
此外，它将创建一个过度曝光的区域，在后期生产中是不可能纠正的。
To preview the sun path you can use a lot of mobile apps. I usePhotopills计划我的镜头，你可以找到它Apple Store和Google Play Store。
3.事先侦察该位置以获取您的构成的预览
As I said before, long exposure photography looks very different from the reality perceived by our eye. This is why it’s necessary to have a clear idea of what you will find on the field. You can double-check the sites in谷歌地图if you can’t do it in-person.
位置侦察兵也意味着获取您的构成的预览。你将更好地了解云和阳光的可能方向，海洋和潮汐的力量，或者光线如何到达mountains。
4.将三分之一焦点进入现场以避免模糊的结果
After deciding about your long exposures composition, you should set your focus point. For a landscape shot your lens will be set to an aperture value of f/10 or f/11. You should try not to go over f/16 to not stumble on diffraction problems. It will cause unsharp images.
不要使用光圈镜头持续时间更长。但what if you think that your shutter speed is not slow enough? This is where ND filters help a lot.
You can even try this simple trick to be sure of your focus point. You can try to focus on one of the two lower intersection points of therule of thirds。
At this point, set the手动对焦，所以你不必再改变它了。
When it comes to long exposure photography composition, focusing is the most important part of your final photo. Better spend a lot of time to be sure of your point of focus than regret it later.
There’s nothing worse than going home and having an exposed photo for 1 or 2 minutes that’s totally out of focus.
5. Use a Tripod To Adverse Weather Conditions
Asturdy tripodis essential for successful long exposures. It will prevent camera shake and blurry pictures.
If you don’t want to buy a heavy or expensive tripod, you can get away with an average one. In that case, weigh the tripod down with your backpack if the weather conditions are not in your favour.
6. Lower Your ISO to Avoid Digital Noise
既然你决定了组成，你设置了焦点，现在是时候进入摄影的技术方面了。
We start from theISO。您正在使用三脚架和相机固定在它的景观图片。因此将ISO设置为低as your camera allows。
Forget the so-called “extended” downwards and upwards values. These are only an electronic change to the sensor’s native sensitivity values.
7.学习阅读直方图以便更好地曝光
Once you’ve set your focus point and ISO, it’s time to move on toexposure。
Start making some test shots, see the exposure you like best. Keep in mind the mood you want to give to the image.
The idea is to have a good and balanced直方图。Make sure it’s not too shifted to the highlights and not too far to the left, where there are blacks.
在此阶段，请勿仅在相机屏幕上的图像检查曝光。学会阅读你的直方图。
没有完美的直方图或总是正确的。但是错误的迹象是错误的。如果太多转移到左（黑人）或太远（亮点）。
8. Use an ND Filter to Enhance Your Long-Exposure Photography
现在是时候添加了你的ND filter。虽然要小心。如果使用非常暗的过滤器（例如10站），您将无法通过取景器或实时视图看到任何内容。
这就是为什么你在使用之前设置焦点和曝光是重要的原因ND filter。
At this point, recalculate the correct exposure for the ND filter you added to match the one without it.
For example, if a correctly exposed photo without a filter was f/8, 1/50 and ISO 100, and then you added a 6 stop filter, you need to remove 6 stops of light from that exposure. The new photo could be shot at f/11, 0.6 seconds, ISO 100.
You can do this work with smartphone apps, or with a table that you can find on the website of your ND filter manufacturer.
9.试验灯泡模式以令人兴奋的结果
参加测试拍摄并在最后一次检查直方图。
如果您以正确的方式计算了新的曝光时间，则准备好切换到灯泡模式（如有必要）。然后射击你的最终形象。
10. Act Fast Before the Scene Changes
请注意，拍摄的完美条件可能持续几个时刻。日出柔和的色彩，火灾日落在山顶上，风加快了云的风。他们可以在一秒钟内消失。
If your exposure time is one or two minutes, you only have one shot available to set them in your photo.
如果天气条件发生变化，您还必须能够在几秒钟内更改所有设置。并且能够改变过滤器的强度，以适应新的光线条件。
11. Set Aside Enough Time To Make Sure You Get Your Shot
Landscape photography is a continuous game to test your patience.
You have to find the chosen location and arrive there with plenty of time to spare. Then you have to find the right composition. And then you have to wait for the ideal conditions.
可能发生的是，枪支的机会不会实现。然后你必须空手而归，等待和规划下一步旅行。
12. Use Post-Processing to Stack Your Images
Now that you know how to make a long exposure landscape photograph, you can learn how to create it without filters.
Yes, you can simulate a long exposure without using ND filters. But you’re still going to need a tripod.
Then all you need is a scene with an element that moves fast enough. For example, the clouds in the sky.
Put the camera on the tripod and follow the same “rules” for the composition of your image.
When you are ready to shoot you can create a series of shots which show the movement of your element. You will need at least 20-30 images.
And now, go toLightroom。Once you have imported the images into the catalogue, work your edits on one shot. Then synchronise all the edits of this shot with the others of the series.
Once done, select all the images in the series, right-click, and open in Photoshop as layers. This process will take some time, so relax a little and let your computer work.
完成后，您将拥有一个Photoshop文档，其中包含一堆层中的所有图像。下一步是选择所有级别，然后右键单击“创建智能对象”。
This is a single layer object that contains the information of all the previous layers. Once finished go to Image -> Smart Object -> Stack Mode -> Mean.
And watch the magic and your long exposure combine together.
结论
As安塞尔·亚当斯said: “Landscape photography is the supreme test of the photographer, and often the supreme disappointment.”
For me, the best thing is to be out there in nature, thinking about creating something that will always remind me of that moment.
在那里拿出上面的摄影提示你读过的，玩得开心，实验，犯错误，再试一次。
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